extinguish

英[ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃ]，美[ɪk'stɪŋɡwɪʃ]

vt. 熄灭, 使消亡, 压制, 使减色
助记：ex-出 + stingu-刺 + -ish表动词 → 把刺拿出去 → 刺引申为火焰 → 灭火。

词 源 树

权威词源导读

extinguish (v.) - 16世纪40年代，源自拉丁语extinguere/exstinguere "quench, put out (what is burning)，wipe out, obliterate"，源自ex- "out" (参看：ex-) + stinguere "quench"，显然含义演变自PIE*steig- "to prick, stick, pierce" (参看：stick (v.))。但参看：distinguish (v.)。同根词：Extinguished; extinguishing。

词源说明（童理民）

1. extinguish : 词源同extinct,灭绝的。

21世纪大英汉词典

#extinguishvt.1.■熄灭(灯等)，灭(火)，扑灭(火等)：to extinguish a candle熄灭蜡烛to extinguish a fire (or blaze)灭火2.■使(希望等)破灭；使(生命等)消亡：to extinguish hope使希望破灭Her life was finally extinguished by the onset of liver complaint.她的生命之火终因肝病发作而被掐灭了。3.■毁灭，消灭，灭绝：to extinguish all crimes消灭一切犯罪行为4.■压制，压抑；迫使…沉默：She extinguished him with a single word.她一句话就说得他哑口无言。5.■使减色，使失色，使黯淡，使黯然失色，使相形见绌：She seems extinguished by her younger sister in computery.在计算机的操作方面她妹妹似乎使她相形见绌。6.■【法律】7.■使无效，使失效；取消，废除(要求、权利等)：to extinguish a claim and right使要求和权利无效8.■偿清 (债务等)：He has extinguished the debt.他偿清了那笔债。#