surge

英[sɜːdʒ]，美[sɝdʒ]

v. 剧增, 飞涨; 涌, 汹涌; (情感的) 涌起
n. 激增; 奔涌向前; (强烈感情的) 突发; 大量, 一大批; 电涌
助记：su-=sub-下方 + rg-=reg-直 + -e。这个词的本义是“自下而上直直升起”，平静的水面骤然升高，巨浪便汹涌而来。

词 源 树

权威词源导读

surge (n.) - 15世纪晚期，"fountain, stream"，词源不确定，可能源自中古法语sourge-，sourdre "to rise, swell" 的词干，源自拉丁语surgere "to rise, arise, get up, mount up, ascend; attack"，缩写自surrigere，源自sub "up from below" 在辅音前的同化形式 (参看：sub-) + regere "to keep straight, guide" (源自PIE词根*reg- "move in a straight line"，派生词表示 "to direct in a straight line"，thus "to lead, rule")。含义 "high, rolling swell of water" 始于16世纪20年代；比喻含义 "excited rising up" (as of feelings) 始于16世纪10年代。

surge (v.) - 16世纪10年代，"to rise and fall"，源自surge (n.)，或者源自中古法语surgir "rise, ride (as a ship does a wave)，spring up, arrive"。含义 "rise high and roll forcefully" 始于16世纪60年代。同根词：Surged; surging。

词源说明（童理民）

1. surge : 来自拉丁语surgere,上升，升起，缩写自surrigere,来自sur-,在下，向上，regere,拉直，升直，词源同regulate,erect.引申词义涌动，浪涌，比喻义激增，飞涨。

21世纪大英汉词典

#surgen.1.■汹涌澎湃，奔腾；突进，席卷2.■汹涌澎湃的事物；浪涛般的轰鸣声3.■涛，浪；巨浪；浪涛引起的水位上升4.■波涛汹涌的大海5.■猛增；急剧上升6.■【电工学】7.■急冲，电涌8.■强电振荡9.■【船舶学】绞盘腰部10.■【航海学】11.■(锚链、缆绳的)脱滑，松动；(缆绳、锚链滑脱时产生的)振动12.■(浪中行驶时产生的)前后摇摆13.■【机械学】(发动机的)喘振，起伏vi.1.■(船)颠簸，随波起伏：to surge at anchor抛锚的船随波起伏2.■(波涛等)汹涌；奔腾：The blazing magma was surging by us.那会儿，炽热的岩浆正从我们的身边奔腾而过。3.■如波涛般汹涌奔腾；发出浪涛般的轰鸣声：The crowd surged back and forth.人群前后蜂拥着。The train surged off the small station.列车轰隆隆地驶离了小站。4.■涌起；激增；急剧上升：Blood surged to her face.她的脸腾的一下变得通红。The needs of personal computers were surging in the first half of the year.今年上半年，家用电脑的需求量不断猛增。5.■猛冲，急冲：Water surges here down to the hill.河水在这里猛然直冲到山下6.■【电学】7.■(电流、电压)急增8.■强烈振荡，浪涌9.■【航海学】10.■(缆绳等)退滑11.■(绞盘的缆绳、锚链等)松脱，滑脱12.■【机械学】(发动机等)喘振，超伏vt.1.■使颠簸，使摇摆：My boat was surged through the huge waves.我的小船颠簸着破浪前进。2.■使波浪般上涌(或跌落)；使奔腾：His palpitation now is surged as thousands of horses are surging forward.此刻他的心跳有如万马奔腾。3.■【航海学】突然放松(缆绳等)，急放变形vi.surgedsurging#